Adverse climatic change have given birth the Millennium development Goals (MDGs) which was estimated by UNDP. In order to ensure climate justice and meet the MDGs we need to develop innovative ways for capacity building and technology transfer. More importantly, we need to ensure that the funds available for adaptation measures in developing countries are fair and proportionate clearly reflecting the “polluter pays” principle, respecting human rights frameworks and gender equality: that is climate justice.
Prevention is better than cure. Acting early makes sense, no least from an economic point of view. Hence industrialized countries must take strong and immediate steps to increase assistance to the least developed countries for adaptation. While mitigation is global adaptation is local. That is why a new climate agreement must place adaptation on equal footing with mitigation. Furthermore, it must address the issue of climate justice and human rights in a development perspective. The millennium development goals are eight to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world’s main development challenges. The MDGs are drawn from the actions and targets contained in the Millenium Declarations that was adopted by 189 nations and signed by 147 heads of state and government’s during the UN Millenium Summit in September 2000.
The eight MDGs break down into 21 quantifiable targets that are measured by 60 indicators:
Goal 1- Eradicate extreme poverty and hungers.
Goal 2- Achieve universal primary education.
Goal 3- Promote gender equality and empower women.
Goal 4- Reduce child morality.
Goal 5- Improve maternal health.
Goal 6- Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.
Goal 7- Ensure environmental sustainability.
Goal 8- Develop a global partnership for Development.
The MDGs
· Synthesize in a single package, many of the most important commitments made separately at the international conferences and summits of the 1990s.
· Recognize explicitly the interdependence between growth, poverty reduction and sustainable development.
· Acknowledge that development rests on the foundation of democratic governance, the rule of law, respect for human rights and peace and security.
· Are based on time bound and measurable targets accompanied by indicators for monitoring progress. And
· Bring together in the eight goals the responsibilities with those of development countries founded on a global partnership endorsed at the international conference on financing for Development in Monterrey, Mexico in March 2002, and again at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002.
Implementation of the MDGs
In 2001, in response to the world leaders request, UN Secretary General presented the Road Map towards the Implementation of the United Nations Millenium Declaration, an integrated and comprehensive overview of the situation, outlining potential strategies for action designed to meet the goals and commitments of the millenium declaration. The road map has been followed up since then with annual reports.
In 2002, the annual report focused on progress made in the prevention of armed conflict and the treatment and prevention of diseases, including HIV/AIDS and Malaria.
In 2003, emphasis was placed on strategies for development and strategies for sustainable development.
In 2004, it was on bridging the digital divide and curbing transnational crime.
In 2005, the secretary general prepared the first comprehensive five-yearly report on progress toward achieving the MDGs. The report reviews the implementation of decisions taken at the international conference and special session on the least developed countries, progress on HIV/AIDS and financing for development and sustainable development.
There is a great hope these millennium development goals when implanted will prove more beneficial t us. They will change the whole structure of our country.
NIRMALA SRIVASTAVA
BLOOD: NOW A POWER
Have you ever wondered how the food digested in the elementary canal reaches each and every cell of the body? How does oxygen reach cell of the body to be used for the process of respiration? How are waste materials from different parts of body transported to the Kidney?
All living organism have a specific transport system. The transport system in human beings consists of blood, blood vessels and heart. Blood is a fluid connective tissue. The human body has 4-6 liters of blood. Blood is made up of two component- PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS or CORPUSCLES. The liquid part of the blood is called PLASMA. In human beings three types of cells or corpuscles are suspended in the plasma-
· ERYTHROCYTES or Red Blood Cells (RBCs).
· LEUCOCYTES or White Blood Cells (WBCs).
· THROMBOCYTES or Blood Platelets.
Since blood is an essential element for human body, it transports nutrients after digestion to each cell of the body. There are four blood groups-
BLOOD GROUP
ANTIGEN
A
Antigen a
B
Antigen B
AB
Antigen A and B
O
No Antigens
Blood group “o” is Universal Donor since it can be given to any blood group. Blood group AB is called Universal Recipient since it can receive from any blood group.
Scientists involved in the participation of artificial blood particles predict that there could be a revolutionary change in the transmission of blood which is known as TRANSFUSION. Blood transmission is a common process it is helpful in saving the lives of many peoples. But scientists are afraid of infectious blood and that’s why they are involved in making the artificial blood. Dr. Ken Lobe blood substitute project, says that there will be full inspection of artificial blood. A huge quantity of blood gets spoils in the present technique of blood transmission. In Britain 10 percent patients doesn’t receives blood and this is highly expensive also . Approximately 10,000 rupees expends on the maintenance of 1 unit blood. Before the pathology got advanced patients used to get infected blood due to which they suffers from HIV. AIDS has gives a great jerk to the present technique of blood transmission but artificial blood pays guarantee of no infection. An advanced discovery has made in the same field. In South Africa inputs taken out from the blood of cow is being used in this field. Many problems could be slowed by transmitting this artificial blood. At present the donated blood is taken into use within 35 days and after that it could be thrown out. To store this blood low temperature is maintained whereas to artificial blood could be taken into use till one year and there is no problem of temperature maintenance. Professor Kapoor of Euro blood project says that they are busy in preparing a blood which could be kept in the form of powder just like powdered milk. When taken into use it could be diluted. In blood, haemoglobin protein is present which gives red color to blood. Red blood cells contain haeme particles which carries oxygen and carbon-di-oxide to the body. Doctor Lobe says,’ artificial blood ‘ the name given to it is wrong. We are intensely involved in the preparation of new form of blood which will artificially transmits oxygen from heart to other parts of the body.
The research going on in the preparation of artificial blood is divided into two parts. American researchers are immensely involved in preparing artificial form of “Fluorocarbon”. These chemicals resembles to “TEFLON”. Nonstick utensils used in our kitchen are coated with Teflon. Teflon consists of huge amount of oxygen dissolving capacity. Also few proteins like haemoglobin are being prepared by the scientists.
Such new inventions are proving a great revolution in field of science and development. Now we are eagerly waiting for powdered blood.
Prevention is better than cure. Acting early makes sense, no least from an economic point of view. Hence industrialized countries must take strong and immediate steps to increase assistance to the least developed countries for adaptation. While mitigation is global adaptation is local. That is why a new climate agreement must place adaptation on equal footing with mitigation. Furthermore, it must address the issue of climate justice and human rights in a development perspective. The millennium development goals are eight to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world’s main development challenges. The MDGs are drawn from the actions and targets contained in the Millenium Declarations that was adopted by 189 nations and signed by 147 heads of state and government’s during the UN Millenium Summit in September 2000.
The eight MDGs break down into 21 quantifiable targets that are measured by 60 indicators:
Goal 1- Eradicate extreme poverty and hungers.
Goal 2- Achieve universal primary education.
Goal 3- Promote gender equality and empower women.
Goal 4- Reduce child morality.
Goal 5- Improve maternal health.
Goal 6- Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.
Goal 7- Ensure environmental sustainability.
Goal 8- Develop a global partnership for Development.
The MDGs
· Synthesize in a single package, many of the most important commitments made separately at the international conferences and summits of the 1990s.
· Recognize explicitly the interdependence between growth, poverty reduction and sustainable development.
· Acknowledge that development rests on the foundation of democratic governance, the rule of law, respect for human rights and peace and security.
· Are based on time bound and measurable targets accompanied by indicators for monitoring progress. And
· Bring together in the eight goals the responsibilities with those of development countries founded on a global partnership endorsed at the international conference on financing for Development in Monterrey, Mexico in March 2002, and again at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002.
Implementation of the MDGs
In 2001, in response to the world leaders request, UN Secretary General presented the Road Map towards the Implementation of the United Nations Millenium Declaration, an integrated and comprehensive overview of the situation, outlining potential strategies for action designed to meet the goals and commitments of the millenium declaration. The road map has been followed up since then with annual reports.
In 2002, the annual report focused on progress made in the prevention of armed conflict and the treatment and prevention of diseases, including HIV/AIDS and Malaria.
In 2003, emphasis was placed on strategies for development and strategies for sustainable development.
In 2004, it was on bridging the digital divide and curbing transnational crime.
In 2005, the secretary general prepared the first comprehensive five-yearly report on progress toward achieving the MDGs. The report reviews the implementation of decisions taken at the international conference and special session on the least developed countries, progress on HIV/AIDS and financing for development and sustainable development.
There is a great hope these millennium development goals when implanted will prove more beneficial t us. They will change the whole structure of our country.
NIRMALA SRIVASTAVA
BLOOD: NOW A POWER
Have you ever wondered how the food digested in the elementary canal reaches each and every cell of the body? How does oxygen reach cell of the body to be used for the process of respiration? How are waste materials from different parts of body transported to the Kidney?
All living organism have a specific transport system. The transport system in human beings consists of blood, blood vessels and heart. Blood is a fluid connective tissue. The human body has 4-6 liters of blood. Blood is made up of two component- PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS or CORPUSCLES. The liquid part of the blood is called PLASMA. In human beings three types of cells or corpuscles are suspended in the plasma-
· ERYTHROCYTES or Red Blood Cells (RBCs).
· LEUCOCYTES or White Blood Cells (WBCs).
· THROMBOCYTES or Blood Platelets.
Since blood is an essential element for human body, it transports nutrients after digestion to each cell of the body. There are four blood groups-
BLOOD GROUP
ANTIGEN
A
Antigen a
B
Antigen B
AB
Antigen A and B
O
No Antigens
Blood group “o” is Universal Donor since it can be given to any blood group. Blood group AB is called Universal Recipient since it can receive from any blood group.
Scientists involved in the participation of artificial blood particles predict that there could be a revolutionary change in the transmission of blood which is known as TRANSFUSION. Blood transmission is a common process it is helpful in saving the lives of many peoples. But scientists are afraid of infectious blood and that’s why they are involved in making the artificial blood. Dr. Ken Lobe blood substitute project, says that there will be full inspection of artificial blood. A huge quantity of blood gets spoils in the present technique of blood transmission. In Britain 10 percent patients doesn’t receives blood and this is highly expensive also . Approximately 10,000 rupees expends on the maintenance of 1 unit blood. Before the pathology got advanced patients used to get infected blood due to which they suffers from HIV. AIDS has gives a great jerk to the present technique of blood transmission but artificial blood pays guarantee of no infection. An advanced discovery has made in the same field. In South Africa inputs taken out from the blood of cow is being used in this field. Many problems could be slowed by transmitting this artificial blood. At present the donated blood is taken into use within 35 days and after that it could be thrown out. To store this blood low temperature is maintained whereas to artificial blood could be taken into use till one year and there is no problem of temperature maintenance. Professor Kapoor of Euro blood project says that they are busy in preparing a blood which could be kept in the form of powder just like powdered milk. When taken into use it could be diluted. In blood, haemoglobin protein is present which gives red color to blood. Red blood cells contain haeme particles which carries oxygen and carbon-di-oxide to the body. Doctor Lobe says,’ artificial blood ‘ the name given to it is wrong. We are intensely involved in the preparation of new form of blood which will artificially transmits oxygen from heart to other parts of the body.
The research going on in the preparation of artificial blood is divided into two parts. American researchers are immensely involved in preparing artificial form of “Fluorocarbon”. These chemicals resembles to “TEFLON”. Nonstick utensils used in our kitchen are coated with Teflon. Teflon consists of huge amount of oxygen dissolving capacity. Also few proteins like haemoglobin are being prepared by the scientists.
Such new inventions are proving a great revolution in field of science and development. Now we are eagerly waiting for powdered blood.
No comments:
Post a Comment